the 22 scheduled languages · 8th schedule of the constitution · with their scripts.
speaker counts are approximate L1 (first-language) figures from census + ethnologue, in millions. the 8th schedule originally had 14 languages (1950); expanded over amendments. classical language status (granted by government, different from scheduled): tamil, sanskrit, kannada, telugu, malayalam, odia, marathi, assamese, bengali, prakrit, pali, marathi.